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While cycling of course requires and develops excellent cardiovascular fitness and lung capacity, efficient cycling also requires good biomechanics, powerful legs, and a good strength to weight ratio.
Long rides, short rides, sprints and intervals performed at different intensity levels will help develop both aerobic and glycolytic cycling fitness. Meanwhile appropriate mobility and flexibility work will help ensure good mechanics while optimizing performance and reducing recovery time. An additional modest amount of strength training will help keep a strong core for efficient force transmission, while lower body strength will help you be more efficient, cycle faster and get up even the steepest hills.